Information technology of data processingInformation technology of data processing
designed to deal well
structured tasks for which there are
required input data and are known
algorithms and other standard procedures
processing.
This technology is applied at
operating (executive) activities
low-skilled personnel in order to
automation of some routine constantly
repetitive management operations
labor.
At the level of operations, the following tasks are solved:
transaction data processing,produced by the company;
establishment of periodic control
reports on the state of affairs in the company;
getting answers to all kinds of
current requests and their processing in
paper documents or
reports.
Main components of information technology for data processing
Main Components
Data collection. As the firm producesproducts or services, each of its actions
accompanied by the corresponding data records.
Typically, a firm's actions that affect external
environment stand out especially as operations,
produced by the firm.
Data processing. To create from incoming
data of information reflecting the activity
firms, classification or grouping is used.
Data storage. Lots of level data
operating activities must be maintained for
subsequent use either here or on
another level. Databases are created to store them.
data.
Creation of reports (documents). In the information
data processing technologies need to be created
documents for the management and employees of the company, and
also for external partners.
Management information technology
The purpose of information technologymanagement is satisfaction
information needs of all without
exclusion of company employees who have
dealing with decision making.
This technology is geared towards
management information system environment
and used at worst
structured tasks, if
to compare them with problems solved with
information technology
data processing.
Solved data processing tasks:
assessment of the planned statecontrol object;
assessment of deviations from the planned
states;
identifying the causes of deviations;
analysis of possible solutions and
actions.
Types of reports
Regular reports are generated in accordance withset schedule that determines the time of their
creation, such as monthly sales analysis
companies.
Special reports are created upon request
managers or when something happened in the company
unplanned.
In summary reports, the data is aggregated into
separate groups, sorted and presented in
the form of intermediate and final results on
separate fields.
Comparative reports contain data obtained
from various sources or classified according to
various characteristics and used for the purposes
comparisons.
Emergency reports contain data
exceptional (extraordinary) character.
Reporting Requirements
The report should only be generated ifwhen the deviation occurred;
information in the report should be
sorted by critical value
for a given indicator deviation;
all deviations are desirable to show
together so that the manager can catch
the relationship between them;
the report must show
quantitative deviation from the norm.
Main Components
Office automation
Office automation is not intended to replaceexisting traditional communication system
staff (with its meetings, telephone
calls and orders), but only to supplement it.
Together, these two systems provide
rational automation of managerial
labor and the best provision of managers
information.
Information technology automated
office - organization and support of communication
processes both within the organization and externally.
environment based on computer networks and other
modern means of transmission and work with
information.
Main Components
Main Components
Database. In an automated office basedata concentrates data about
the firm's production system, as well as in
operating room data processing technologies
level.
Word Processor. This is a kind of application
software designed for
creation and processing of text documents.
Email. E-mail (E-mail),
based on network usage
computers, allows the user
receive, store and send messages to your
network partners.
Audio mail. This is a mailbox for messaging.
voice.
Spreadsheet Functions
data entry, both from the keyboard and from databases;data processing (sorting, automatic
generating totals, copying and transferring
data, various groups of operations for
calculations, data aggregation, etc.);
output of information in printed form
imported files to other systems,
directly to the database;
high-quality design of tabular forms
data presentation;
multifaceted and high-quality data processing in
the form of diagrams and graphs;
engineering, financial,
statistical calculations;
carrying out mathematical modeling and a series
other support activities.
Main Components
Electronic calendar. He provides anotherthe ability to use the network option
computer for storage and manipulation
work schedule of managers and others
employees of the organization.
Computer conferences and teleconferences.
Computer conferences use
computer networks for the exchange of information between
members of a group that decides a certain
problem.
Videotext. It is based on the use
computer to get a display of text and
graphic data on the monitor screen.
Possibilities of obtaining information in the form of video text:
create video text files on yourown computers;
conclude an agreement with
specialized company for
access to developed
its videotext files;
enter into agreements with others
companies to gain access to their
video text files.
Main Components
Audio conferencing. They useaudio communication to maintain communications
between geographically distant
employees or departments of the company.
Videoconferencing. They are meant
for the same purposes as audio conferencing, with
using video equipment.
Fax communication. This connection is based
using a fax machine capable of
read document at one end
communication channel and reproduce
his image on another.
Conditions for improving the effectiveness of audio conferencing
the employee organizing the audio conference mustensure that you have the opportunity to participate in
it of all interested persons;
the number of conference participants should not be
too large (usually no more than six) to
keep the discussion within the framework of the discussion
Problems;
the program of the conference should be communicated to her
participants in advance, for example, with
using facsimile;
before speaking, each participant
must be presented;
a recording of the conference and its
storage;
the recording of the conference must be printed and
sent to all members.
Video conferencing configurations
one-way video and audio communication. Here is a video- and the audio signals go only in one
direction, for example, from the project manager to
performers;
one-sided video and two-sided
audio communication. Two-way audio gives
opportunity for conference participants
receiving video, exchange
be given audio information with the transmitter
video signal by the participant;
two-way video and audio communication. In this
most expensive configuration used
two-way video - and audio communication between all
conference participants, usually with
the same status.
Alibaeva M.F., Aslaeva M.M.
GBOU SPO BSHT; the presentation was made by students Alibaeva M.F. and Aslaeva M.M., 2014, 14 slides with animation. The presentation was made as part of independent work on the academic discipline "Information Technologies in Professional Activities".
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Slides captions:
Information Technology The presentation was made by students of the Baimak Agricultural College M.F. and Aslaeva M.M.
Definition of information technology Information technology (IT, from the English information technology, IT) is a class of areas of activity related to technologies for managing and processing a huge flow of information using computer technology. 2
Information technology is a system-organized sequence of operations performed on information using automation tools and methods. Operations are elementary actions on information. 3
Information technology market Thus, the information technology market is transforming towards an orientation towards IT services, with a significant part of these services being provided from developing countries. Unlike manufacturing industries, where the international division of labor has already taken shape, the geographical distribution of the IT industry is not yet complete, and Russia has a chance to significantly increase its share in the global market. four
Classification of information technologies As already noted, the concept of information technology cannot be considered separately from the technical (computer) environment, i.e. from basic information technology. Hardware (technical) tools designed to organize the process of processing data (information, knowledge), as well as hardware (technical) tools designed to organize communication and transfer of data (information, knowledge) 5
Economic tasks solved in a batch mode are characterized by the following properties: the algorithm for solving the problem is formalized, the process of solving it does not require human intervention; there is a large amount of input and output data, a significant part of which is stored on magnetic media; the calculation is performed for most records of the input files; a large time for solving the problem is due to large amounts of data; regularity, i.e. tasks are solved with a given frequency. 6
Technology is a complex of scientific and engineering disciplines implemented in labor methods, sets of material, technical, energy, labor factors of production, ways of combining them to create a product or service that meets certain requirements. The word technology, which appeared among the ancient Greeks as a term for the craftsmanship of making things, in a modern interpretation means a complex of scientific and engineering knowledge about the methods and factors of production for creating a product or service. 7
Information technology (IT) is a complex of interrelated scientific, technological, engineering disciplines that study: methods of effective organization of the work of people involved in the processing and storage of information; computer technology; methods of organizing and interacting with people and production equipment, their practical applications; related social, economic and cultural problems. eight
The sign of division is the type of tasks and processes of information processing. Stage 1 (60s - 70s) - data processing in computer centers in the mode of collective use. The main direction in the development of information technology was the automation of operational routine human actions. Stage 2 (from the 80s) - the creation of information technologies aimed at solving strategic problems. 9
A sign of division is the problems that stand in the way of informatization of society The 1st stage (until the end of the 60s) is characterized by the problem of processing large amounts of data in conditions of limited hardware capabilities. The 2nd stage (until the end of the 70s) is associated with the spread of computers of the 1VM/360 series. The problem of this stage is the backlog of software from the level of development of hardware. Stage 3 (since the beginning of the 80s) - the computer becomes a tool for a non-professional user, and information systems become a means of supporting his decision-making. Problems - the maximum satisfaction of user needs and the creation of an appropriate interface for working in a computer environment. Stage 4 (from the beginning of the 90s) - the creation of a modern technology for interorganizational communications and information systems. The problems of this stage are very numerous. The most significant of them are: the development of agreements and the establishment of standards, protocols for computer communications; organization of access to strategic information; organization of protection and security of information. ten
A sign of division is the advantage that computer technology brings. The 1st stage (since the beginning of the 60s) is characterized by a fairly effective processing of information when performing routine operations with a focus on centralized collective use of computer center resources. Stage 2 (since the mid-70s) is associated with the advent of personal computers. The approach to creating information systems has changed - the orientation is shifting towards the individual user to support his decisions. The 3rd stage (since the beginning of the 90s) is associated with the concept of analyzing strategic advantages in business and is based on the achievements of telecommunications technology for distributed information processing. eleven
An information system (IS) is an information service system for employees of management services and performs technological functions for the accumulation, storage, transmission and processing of information. It develops, forms and functions in the regulations defined by the methods and structure of management activities adopted at a particular economic object, implements the goals and objectives facing it. 12
WIMP - interface - stands for Windows (window) Image (image) Menu (menu) Pointer (pointer). A window is displayed on the screen containing images of programs and a menu of actions. A pointer is used to select one of them. SILK - interface stands for - Speach (speech) Image (image) Language (language) Knowledge (knowledge). When using the SILK interface on the screen, the speech command moves from one search image to another along semantic semantic links. 13
14 Thank you for your attention
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The presentation on the topic "Types of information technology" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Informatics. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 21 slide(s).
Presentation slides
slide 1
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information technology data processing
Information technology for data processing is designed to solve well-structured problems for which the necessary input data are available and algorithms and other standard procedures for their processing are known. This technology is used at the level of operational (executive) activities of low-skilled personnel in order to automate some routine, constantly recurring operations of managerial work.
slide 4
At the level of operations, the following tasks are solved:
processing data on operations carried out by the company; creation of periodic control reports on the state of affairs in the company; receiving answers to all kinds of current requests and processing them in the form of paper documents or reports.
slide 5
slide 6
Main Components
Data collection. As a firm produces a product or service, each of its actions is accompanied by corresponding data records. Usually, the actions of the firm that affect the external environment are singled out specifically as operations carried out by the firm. Data processing. To create information from the incoming data that reflects the activities of the company, classification or grouping is used. Data storage. Much data at the operational level needs to be stored for later use, either here or at another level. Databases are created to store them. Creation of reports (documents). In the information technology of data processing, it is necessary to create documents for the management and employees of the company, as well as for external partners.
Slide 7
Management information technology
The purpose of management information technology is to meet the information needs of all employees of the company, without exception, dealing with decision-making. This technology is focused on working in the environment of an information management system and is used when the tasks being solved are worse structured when compared with the tasks solved using information technology for data processing.
Slide 8
Solved data processing tasks:
assessment of the planned state of the control object; assessment of deviations from the planned state; identifying the causes of deviations; analysis of possible solutions and actions.
Slide 9
Types of reports
Regular reports are generated according to a set schedule that determines when they are generated, such as a monthly analysis of a company's sales. Special reports are created at the request of managers or when something unplanned happened in the company. In summary reports, data is combined into separate groups, sorted and presented as subtotals and final totals for individual fields. Comparative reports contain data obtained from various sources or classified according to various criteria and used for comparison purposes. Extraordinary reports contain data of an exceptional (extraordinary) nature.
Slide 10
Reporting Requirements
a report should only be generated when a deviation has occurred; the information in the report should be sorted by the value of the indicator that is critical for this deviation; it is desirable to show all deviations together so that the manager can catch the connection between them; the report must show a quantitative deviation from the norm.
slide 11
slide 12
Office automation
Office automation is designed not to replace the existing traditional system of staff communication (with its meetings, phone calls and orders), but only to supplement it. Used together, both of these systems will ensure rational automation of managerial work and the best provision of information to managers. Information technology of an automated office is the organization and support of communication processes both within the organization and with the external environment based on computer networks and other modern means of transmitting and working with information.
slide 13
Slide 14
Database. In an automated office, the database concentrates data about the company's production system in the same way as in data processing technology at the operational level. Word Processor. This is a type of application software designed to create and process text documents. Email. Electronic mail (E-mail), based on the network use of computers, allows the user to receive, store and send messages to their network partners. Audiomail. This is mail for voice messaging.
slide 15
Spreadsheet Functions
data entry, both from the keyboard and from databases; data processing (sorting, automatic generation of totals, copying and transferring data, various groups of calculation operations, data aggregation, etc.); output of information in printed form, in the form of imported files to other systems, directly to the database; high-quality design of tabular forms of data presentation; multifaceted and high-quality presentation of data in the form of charts and graphs; carrying out engineering, financial, statistical calculations; carrying out mathematical modeling and a number of other auxiliary operations.
slide 16
Electronic calendar. It provides another opportunity to use the network version of the computer to store and manipulate the work schedule of managers and other employees of the organization. Computer conferences and teleconferences. Computer conferences use computer networks to exchange information between members of a group solving a specific problem. Videotext. It is based on using a computer to display text and graphics data on a monitor screen.
Slide 17
Possibilities of obtaining information in the form of video text:
create video text files on your own computers; enter into an agreement with a specialized company to gain access to the video text files developed by it; enter into agreements with other companies to gain access to their video text files.
Slide 18
Audio conferencing. They use audio to maintain communications between geographically remote employees or departments of the company. Videoconferencing. They are intended for the same purposes as audio conferences using video equipment. Fax communication. This communication is based on the use of a fax machine capable of reading a document on one end of the communication channel and displaying its image on the other.
Slide 19
Conditions for improving the effectiveness of audio conferencing
the employee organizing the audio conference must first ensure that all interested parties can participate in it; the number of conference participants should not be too large (usually no more than six) to keep the discussion within the framework of the problem under discussion; the program of the conference should be communicated to its participants in advance, for example, using facsimile; before speaking, each participant must introduce himself; recording of the conference and its storage should be organized; The recording of the conference must be printed and sent to all its participants.
Slide 20
Video conferencing configurations
one-way video and audio communication. Here, the video and audio signals go only in one direction, for example, from the project manager to the performers; one-way video and two-way audio. Two-way audio communication allows conference participants receiving video to exchange audio information with the participant transmitting video; two-way video and audio communication. This most expensive configuration uses two-way video and audio communication between all conference participants, usually with the same status.
slide 21
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Slides captions:
Informatics and ICT teacher, Izyumskaya N.G. Samara, 2015
Didactic: Introduce the topic "Information Technology", basic concepts and definitions. To create conditions for the development of skills to work collectively, in pairs, individually. Create conditions for the development of thinking in the classification of educational material. Objectives of the lesson:
Educational: Education of cognitive needs, interest in the subject. Control over TB, correct fit for the PC. Developing: To develop cognitive interests, intellectual and creative abilities. To develop students' interest in the profession, imaginative thinking, the ability to operate with previously acquired knowledge, the ability to compare and analyze. Objectives of the lesson:
Work on OK: OK 4. Implementation of the search, analysis and evaluation of information necessary for setting and solving professional problems, professional and personal development. OK 5. Use of information and communication technologies to improve professional activities. OK 6. Work in a team and team. Objectives of the lesson:
The concept of information technology New information technology Classification of IT Components of information technology Types of information technology Prospects for the development of the information technology market in Russia Contents:
Information technologies (IT) are processes that use a set of tools and methods for collecting, processing and transmitting data (primary information) to obtain new quality information about the state of an object, process or phenomenon (information product). The concept of information technology
The widespread use of computers; Active participation of users in the information process; High level friendly user interface; Widespread use of application software packages; Access to databases and programs; Analysis of situations in the development and adoption of management decisions; Application of artificial intelligence systems; Implementation of expert systems; Use of telecommunications; Creation of geographic information systems and other technologies. New information technologies
According to the method of implementation in automated information systems; By the degree of coverage of management tasks; By classes of implemented technological operations; By type of user interface; According to the options for using the computer network; According to the subject area served, etc. IT classification
Fill in the table using the tutorial: By the method of implementation in automated information systems By the degree of coverage of management tasks By the classes of technological operations implemented By the type of user interface By the subject area served
Test yourself: Classification of IT By the method of implementation in automated information systems By the degree of coverage of management tasks By the classes of technological operations implemented By the type of user interface By the subject area served Traditional; Modern (new). Electronic data processing; Automation of control functions; Decision support; Electronic office; Expert support. Working with a word processor; Work with a spreadsheet processor; Working with graphic objects; DBMS; Hypertext systems; multimedia systems. IT is considered from the point of view of the user's access to information and computing resources. Extremely diverse manifestation of IT.
Information technology components Information process tools Hardware Software (hardware) (software)
PC Package Contents of the System Unit Additional External Devices Processor and Memory Means of Storage and Transfer of Information Non-Volatile Memory Functions Additional Computer Devices Main Methods for Connecting External Devices to a PC Computer Networks Hardware
Connect directly to the computer: printer; scanner; modem. Connected using expansion boards: sound speakers; network hardware; devices for collecting data from various sensors, etc. Additional external devices
Processor and memory The leading element of any PC is the central processing unit (CP U). Characteristics: speed and clock frequency. Memory is a data storage device that has several levels. Characteristics: improved as technology develops. The most common: SDR DIMM and DDR DIMM.
Software Types of software: system software; applied (functional) software; tools that ensure the creation of software.
Information technology of data processing Information technology of management Office automation Information technology of decision support Information technology of expert systems TYPES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
2007 2015 2020 Information technology market size 100 100 100 including: hardware market 56 40.6 39.5 software market 17.8 27.3 28.1 services market 26.2 32.1 32.4 Prospects for the development of the information technology market in Russia, %
1) IT is ... a) A system for collecting, storing, processing and distributing information about the activities of some economic object of the real world b) A combination of procedures that implement the functions of collecting, receiving, accumulating, storing, processing, analyzing and transmitting information to organizational structures enterprises using CT and software tools c) A set of elements that form a certain integrity and are in a certain interaction with each other Consolidation of the studied material. Testing. 1 option
2. Software is ... a) Compliance with the rules for creating, processing, using and protecting information b) A set of working algorithms written in a language accessible to the aircraft c) Documents and arrays of documents in information systems 3. The main influence on the mode of operation has .. a) User b) VS c) Computer Consolidation of the studied material. Testing. 1 option
4. The development of IT over time is ... a) Ensuring the dynamism of IT development; its modernization, modification and adaptation b) Interaction of IT with the object of management, other enterprises and systems, science, hardware and software industry c) The ability to solve problems that are not characteristic of any of its components Consolidation of the studied material. Testing. 1 option
5. The main properties of IT are: a) Open architecture, functioning of hardware and software, distribution of information b) Expediency, availability of components and structure, interaction with the external environment, integrity, implementation in time c) Combination of procedures, many elements, integrity, technical relationship. organizational and software Consolidation of the studied material. Testing. 1 option
one . What influences the qualitative composition of IT ... a) Insertion modes and replacement mode in operation b) Operating modes and modes of operation of the aircraft c) Modes of receiving and transmitting information 2. The main influence on the mode of operation is exerted by ... a) The user b ) VS c) COMPUTER Consolidation of the studied material. Testing. Option 2
3. Information support is ... a) A set of data presented in a certain form for computer processing b) A set of elements that form a certain integrity and are in a certain interaction with each other c) A system for collecting, storing, processing and distributing information about the activities of some economic object of the real world Consolidation of the studied material. Testing. Option 2
4. IT is classified by ... a) Type of information and degree of typification of operations b) Type of software and hardware c) Type of purpose and scope 5. Integrity of IT is ... a) Ensuring the dynamism of IT development; its modernization, modification and adaptation b) Interaction of IT with the object of management, other enterprises and systems, science, hardware and software industry c) The ability to solve problems that are not characteristic of any of its components Consolidation of the studied material. Testing. Option 2
Correct answers: Option 1 b b a a a Option 2 b b a a c
Summing up the work, grading for the test. Thank you for your attention!
