Then special bodies were created in the Main Artillery Directorate, the Central Directorate of Military Communications, the Communications Directorate, the Supply Directorate and a number of other directorates.
By 1920, the creation of full-time special agencies at the headquarters of the fronts, military districts, armies and divisions was basically completed, which in fact meant the creation in the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA) of the foundations of a system of covert command and control of troops (forces).
It should be especially noted that during this period the first Soviet military special documents were developed and began to be applied, experience was accumulated in organizing and implementing covert communications, the first guiding documents for the special service were created, and a cadre of specialists grew in practical work. In other words, the foundations were laid for the service of protecting state secrets in the Red Army and Navy.
Later, the structure, composition and size of the Central Cipher Department was optimized, which since 1926 was transformed into the 2nd Department of the Administration of the People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs (NKVMD). In September 1930, this department was transformed into the 7th Department of the Red Army Headquarters, and on October 13, 1930,
Service in the HRT
I express my confidence that in the future the specialists of the regime-special bodies will ensure the protection of state secrets in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation at a high level. I wish you success in solving complex state problems, good health and personal well-being.
First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Colonel-General A. KOLMAKOV. Dear friends! I sincerely and cordially congratulate the personnel and veterans of the Service for the Protection of State Secrets of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the 90th anniversary of its formation! Over the years of its glorious history, the Service has gone through a difficult path of development along with the development of our Armed Forces and currently occupies a worthy place in the command and control system of troops.
Attention
From the moment of its inception and throughout its history, special bodies have stood guard over state interests and have been a reliable guarantor of the preservation of state and military secrets. The Service has accumulated a wealth of experience in organizing and ensuring covert command and control and protection of state secrets in the Armed Forces.
Important
However, its main wealth is people. The specifics of the activities of special agencies impose special requirements on those who work in them and do military service. Solving the complex and important tasks facing the Service, the personnel wrote many glorious pages in the combat annals of our Armed Forces, demonstrating courage, selflessness, high professionalism and loyalty to military duty.
Service in HRT under contract
The number of persons admitted to information constituting a state secret in military units (organizations) should be as limited as possible. On the basis of written decisions of higher-ranking commanders of military units, the nomenclature of positions (form N 3) determines positions, upon appointment to which persons are issued access to state secrets in a form higher than the admission to state secrets of the commander of the military unit in which the person performs military service (works). The decision on the admission of such persons to state secrets in the card (form N 1) is made by the commander of a higher military unit.
21. When drawing up the nomenclature of positions (form N 3), the following must be taken into account:
If an item in the List of information of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation subject to classification provides for different degrees of secrecy, a paragraph (column) of this item is additionally indicated, for example: “work with information that discloses. (paragraph 1, paragraph 1 (column 6) - top secret" or "accounting, storage. carriers of information that discloses. (paragraph 1, paragraph 1 (column 8) - secret");
h) in additions to the nomenclature of positions, serial numbers are indicated in ascending sequence, starting from one, regardless of structural units.
Urgent service in SGT
At the same time, on the first sheet of the card (form N 1) an appropriate warning is made, for example: “Attention! Sheet No. 2 has been drawn up, ”and in the Note column of the accounting journal (form No. 9) the number of sheets in the card (form No. 1) is indicated.
On a new sheet of the card (form N 1), positions 1 and 2 must be filled in, a photograph is pasted, certifying records are affixed, including the seal of the military unit (organization), as well as the account number of the card (form N 1) and sheet number, for example: "N M-15, sheet N 2". The remaining columns are filled in only if there is no space on the first (previous) sheet of the card (form N 1). The military unit (organization) that has issued access to state secrets to persons registered with the military sends notifications to the relevant military commissariats, at their request, about the form of access to state secrets, its number, the end date of the verification activities, the name of the security body that conducted the verification activities , as well as information about the facts of re-registration or termination of access to state secrets.
HRT decryption service
Armed Forces related to the protection of information constituting a state secret.
The ultimate goal of this work is the establishment and observance in the Armed Forces of such a procedure that would exclude the transfer of information constituting state secrets and other information recognized by military command and control bodies as not subject to disclosure.
– What technical means are used by the specialists of the Service in the performance of the listed tasks?
- At present, several dozen types of modern special equipment, auxiliary equipment and special equipment rooms are supplied to the bodies of the State Secret Protection Service of the Armed Forces.
With the direct participation of specialists from the Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, work continues on the creation of new promising models of special communications equipment.
– In conclusion, Evgeny Nikolaevich, what would you like to convey through our magazine to your colleagues, veterans of the Service in connection with its 90th anniversary?
- First of all, I want to note that the employees of special bodies were and are now a model of vigilance, devotion to duty, they show an example of selfless service to our Fatherland.
Among them there are many who honorably fulfilled their duty in "hot spots", participated in the aftermath of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in the course of counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasus, the operation to force Georgia to peace in August this year.
Service ZGT Sun RF
This list included information relating to the country's economy and military nature. Five years later, the list was expanded with the section "Information of a different kind". In particular, the following information was classified as state secret of a military nature:
- on the deployment of troops;
- about the supply of the army;
- on the provision of military units;
- about plans for mobilization;
- on the state of the military industry;
- about any inventions for military defense;
- about new equipment for the army;
- on the results of agreements with foreign states regarding the development and supply of the army, exercises, etc.;
- about ways to combat counter-revolution and flourishing espionage.
This edition of the list of secret information became the most accurate and objectively suited for the next few decades, not needing even the slightest change.
Interesting! Many points have been preserved to this day, i.e. a century later, part of the list remains relevant.
During the Soviet era, the following changes were made after the war in 1947. But in terms of the army, nothing has changed, only a fourth section has been added, regarding export / import, mining of precious metals, geo-reserves.
HRT service vacancies
A significant change could also be called the addition of a clause giving the government the authority to recognize certain information as secret by its separate decisions.
How HRT is currently regulated
The concept of state secrets exists in modern Russia, its protection is regulated by the Constitution of the country (Article 29) and two Federal Laws (on state secrets and on security).
It should be noted right away that HRT does not contradict the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms, and every citizen really has the right to receive and disseminate information without restrictions and obstacles from the authorities and regardless of the borders of the state. But in paragraph 4 of Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation it is noted that information classified by federal law as “secret” is not subject to dissemination.
At the moment, this law contains only 26 positions in the list of secret information subject to legal protection. Separately, the criteria for the degree of secrecy are described, thus the data is allocated under the headings:
- "secret";
- "top secret";
- "of special importance".
The types of information that are not state secrets are also separated, in particular, they relate to the facts of human rights violations, emergency situations, and health status.
Features of the HRT procedure for persons in military service
Access to information recognized as a state secret is not automatically opened for a particular position, everything is done exclusively voluntarily, because.
Ownership of data leads to a number of limitations.
Service ZGT Krasnodar
In the first months of the war, the flow of information was several times greater than the physical capabilities of the personnel of special agencies. Great difficulties arose in the implementation of special communication with the headquarters of formations and units that were surrounded, as well as in the conduct of continuous battles.
In any combat situation, the special agencies sought to ensure the command of uninterrupted special communications, using various methods of accelerated information processing. During the war, the personnel of the service showed exceptional courage and high skill, working in incredibly difficult and difficult conditions under bombing and artillery and mortar fire, in dugouts and dugouts.
- For example?- The children are proud of their father, who is an officer in the Armed Forces.
They simply shared their joy on the Internet, and information about what position and where the father serves, what he does or where he is seconded, not only left, but became available to the special services. And there are many such examples. In such a situation, we are forced to actively work with dishonest respondents.
And today it can already be stated that we have managed to ensure that information of a classified nature is practically no longer placed in the Russian segment of the global network. OUR REFERENCE.
HRT service wikipedia
I would like to believe that it was unsuccessful. - Of course. In addition, intelligence agencies are trying to get information that is also available in open media, such as the Internet. For example, a seemingly harmless, at first glance, page on which Russian Internet users are trying to find classmates sometimes becomes a cause of serious concern. If you carefully analyze it, it turns out that the site contains information that, with all the desire, cannot be classified as “open” information about the Ministry of Defense and other law enforcement agencies of the country. OUR REFERENCE. On August 18, 1941, the Directorate of the Cryptographic Service of the General Staff of the Red Army was created with a total number of 197 military personnel and 50 employees. During the Great Patriotic War, the Eighth Directorate and the 8 departments of the headquarters of the fronts and districts carried out constant painstaking work on the selection, registration of permits, and the appointment of personnel of special agencies.
The movement of personnel was great.
In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation it is planned to annually celebrate the Day of Service for the Protection of State Secrets
In total, during the war years, 5,530 special agencies were formed and reorganized, and 15,634 specialists were sent to staff them. The total losses during the war amounted to 6,734 people, of which 2,163 were combat losses. The most important task, which occupied the main place in the activities of special agencies during the war, was to provide command at all levels with special communications.
HRT service vacancies spb
They woke him up, he already understood that he had intervened specifically, the phone was taken away, they were threatened with a severe reprimand, forced to give the password and the phone immediately went to the HRT service to check classified information, photos and correspondence. There were no photographs, and from correspondence only with friends with insignificant stories about the army, but in the morning the company commander still arranged for him to take chemical attack classes with elements of cleaning and physical training.
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And for those who will soon need to go to military service, I can only advise one thing, don’t worry, you need to experience the service with humor, it’s easier that way.
HRT service history
the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and judges who were previously allowed access to information constituting a state secret without carrying out the verification measures provided for in Article 21 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On State Secrets”; f) recruitment for military service (work) of a person who has a special mark of a security agency in his card (form N 1) in position 7; g) recruitment for military service (work) of a person who is in the reserve, if more than 6 months have passed since the date of the decision by the military commissar on his admission to state secrets; h) the call of a person who is in the reserve, whose card (form N 1) is kept at the military commissariat, for scheduled military training in military positions, the replacement of which involves working with information constituting a state secret, if from the date the military commissar makes a decision on his admission to state secrets has passed more than 6 months; i) admission to military service (work) of a person who has a note on the card (form N 1) in position 10 about violations of the secrecy regime and (or) the presence of grounds for refusing access to state secrets.
If circumstances arise that, in accordance with subparagraphs "a" - "i" of this paragraph, are the basis for reissuing a person's access to state secrets, the commander of the military unit shall decide on the possibility or impossibility of the person's further work with information constituting a state secret.
The Red Army, which became the central encryption body of the Red Army.
His work was mainly carried out in the following areas:
- study of the theoretical and practical heritage of the past in cryptography;
- improvement of published covert communication documents;
- development and implementation of unified guiding documents;
- selection and training of personnel;
- improvement of the organizational structure;
- introduction of means of mechanization of special communications;
- summarizing the experience of special agencies in combat conditions.
- Where and how were specialists prepared then?
- As you know, the young Red Army did not have such specialists. At first, their training was carried out at the workplace in the course of practical work.
On November 15, 1929, in Moscow, under the 2nd department of the NKVMD Administration, special advanced training courses began to function for middle and senior commanding staff with a staff of 70 students in the combined arms department. and marine - 25 people. The courses were formed in an abbreviated version without the administrative apparatus and command and teaching staff and were seconded to the Military Academy named after M.V.
This date became the date of formation of the current main military educational institution for the training of specialists in the state secret protection service - the Krasnodar Higher Military School (Military Institute) named after General of the Army S.M.
Certificates of admission (forms N 6 - 8) are filed with certificates of admission to state secrets at the new place of military service (service, work) of the person. HRT services, on the basis of instructions from the commanders of military units, issue certificates to persons departing for a new place of military service (work) in the appropriate form (forms N 6 - 8) and do this in column 7 of the register for issuing certificates of admission (form N 13) mark "Represented in the military unit _____ (organization)".
If the card (form N 1), sent to the new place of military service (work) of the person in the military unit (organization), has not been received within 6 months, the commander of the military unit notifies (in writing) about this the higher service of the ZGT and the military unit (organization ), who sent the card (form N 1). The commander of the military unit that received the notification organizes an official investigation into this fact, a copy of which is sent to the address of the military unit (organization) that applied on this issue.
If the location of the card (form N 1) was not established by the official proceedings, then a new admission to state secrets is issued to the person in accordance with the established procedure, which is informed by the higher HTS service and the security authority. At the same time, the letter provided for by subparagraph "a" of paragraph 35 of these Instructions additionally indicates the reasons for obtaining access to state secrets and the results of the official proceedings.
The Directorate of the cipher service of the General Staff was transformed into the Eighth Directorate of the General Staff, which is still called that way.
During the war years, 5530 special agencies were formed and reorganized, 15634 specialists were sent to staff them, the combat losses of which during the Great Patriotic War amounted to 2163 people.
There are many examples of selfless actions of cryptographers in combat conditions. In addition to the ability to work and strictly keep the secret of encrypted correspondence, they had a huge responsibility for the quality of work.
Cryptographers were required to have the utmost attention and high accuracy; they had no right to make a mistake in the text of cipher telegrams. In the conditions of the death of a ship or the encirclement of parts, the cipher workers first of all took care of saving documents, and only then about their own safety. This is evidenced by numerous facts and memories.
Here is just one example. On Sunday, July 20, 1941, the Northern Fleet suffered the heaviest damage in the entire war from enemy aircraft.
On that day, the newest destroyer Strimitelny was anchored in Ekaterininskaya Harbor near Cape Sizy. It was attacked by 11 enemy Ju-88 bombers. As a result of a direct hit by three bombs, the destroyer broke in half.
Within two or three minutes the waist and ute sank. The bow of the destroyer stayed afloat for about twenty minutes. In this situation, the surviving commander of the special coded communications department N.
Service in HRT after military service
Upon termination in the military unit (organization) where a duplicate of the card (form N 1) is stored, access to state secrets in the cases provided for in subparagraphs "b" and "c" of paragraph 14 of this Instruction, to the military unit (organization) where the card is stored (form N 1), a notification is sent (sample sample N 4) with a duplicate card attached (form N 1), in position 10 of which a corresponding mark is made. A copy of the notification (sample sample N 4), sent in accordance with paragraph 49 of this Instruction, is additionally sent to the security authority at the location of the military unit (organization) where the card is stored (form N 1).
Upon termination in the military unit (organization) where the card (form N 1) is stored, access to state secrets in the cases provided for in subparagraphs “b” and “c” of paragraph 14 of this Instruction, to the military unit (organization) where a duplicate of the card is stored (form N 1), a notification is sent (sample sample N 4) with a card attached (form N 1), in position 10 of which a corresponding mark is made. A copy of the notification (sample sample No. 4) sent in accordance with paragraph 49 of this Instruction is additionally sent to the security authority at the location of the military unit (organization) where a duplicate card is stored (form No. 1).
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When writing important state or military orders, from ancient times they resorted to encrypting the text in Old Russian cryptography - a gibberish letter, then the document was packed in a canvas case, which was sealed with a wax seal and sent to the addressee with a trusted messenger.
With the formation of the Russian centralized state at the end of the 15th century. the apparatus of state administration was formed with its highest, central and local bodies of state power and administration. Methods for protecting state secrets were constantly becoming more complicated through the use of various alphabets, complex digital cryptography, reverse writing, and other methods.
The first of the ancient acts of domestic ciphers that have survived to this day and are stored in the Russian State Archives is put into effect on August 18, 1633.
in the Embassy order, the cipher of Patriarch Filaret. This documented fact testifies to the introduction of the domestic cipher at the state level in the Russian Foreign Office.
Later, under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, cryptography became more widespread, for example, the “secret” (two-fold) cryptography of the princes Boryatinsky of 1675 is known.
Peter I demanded the use of ciphers in large quantities and personally engaged in the encryption of dispatches.
Service in HRT in the army
Also, in the phones of sergeants or platoon commanders, in the rare case of conscripts, some special people keep class schedules, which of course is prohibited. It is forbidden to use phones on the androyd system, even for colonels on the territory of the unit, everyone, upon arrival at the unit, must be handed over to specially designated boxes and have a card for returning the phone, which indicates the model, sim. card and even the serial number of the phone.
A funny fact is that in the order that came specifically to us in the part about ios, it was not said. Such a law came into force during my service in 2018 on the first of March, which even indicated which phone models are allowed on the territory of military units, namely: Nokia 105, Nokia 1280, Nokia 3310 (2000 model), Samsung GT- E1080,Samsung GT-E1100T,Samsung GT-E1200,Samsung GT-E1272,Beeline A 105,Alcatel OT-1009X,Alcatel OT-1016D,Alcatel One Touch 208,Philips
But apparently the year of the groundhog continues in the army, and again in March of this year another law on mobile phones came out -
On November 13, 2018, the State Secret Protection Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation celebrated its 100th anniversary.
Dear comrades!
I congratulate you on the centenary of the formation of the Service for the Protection of State Secrets of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation!
Over its centuries-old history, the service has adequately passed a difficult path of development and has become an effective link in the system of military command and control of the state.
The personnel of special bodies have written many glorious pages in the annals of the Armed Forces, while performing complex and important tasks they have always shown courage, selflessness, high professionalism and loyalty to the oath.
Service specialists have always been a model of vigilance and competence. And today, in the conditions of intensive development of information technologies, they reliably ensure the preservation of state and military secrets.
I am sure that you will continue to fulfill your duty with honor, and your responsible approach to the assigned task will allow you to successfully solve the tasks of strengthening Russia's defense capability.
I wish the employees and veterans of the service good health, well-being and further success for the benefit of our great Motherland.
Minister of Defense
Russian Federation
Army General S. SHOIGU
Over the years of its glorious history, the service has gone through a difficult path of formation along with the development of our Armed Forces and is currently an effective link in the military command and control system of the state.
The modern realities of the formation of the information society, the steady trend towards expanding confrontation in the information sphere in the context of the complicated situation in the world and the challenges of international terrorism impose on the service the most important tasks to ensure the security of the Armed Forces and our Fatherland.
The head of the State Secret Protection Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Lieutenant-General Yuri Kuznetsov, talks about the heroic past, the current state, including the procedure for entering a specialized military university, and the prospects for the development of the Red Star service.
Head of the Service for the Protection of State Secrets of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Lieutenant General Yuri Kuznetsov.
- Yury Vasilyevich, for a century now the service you head has been surrounded by an aura of secrecy. So what is the Service for the Protection of State Secrets of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation today?
- The State Secrets Protection Service (for short, the ZGT Service) is a special unit within the military command and control bodies, military units and organizations of the Armed Forces of Russia, which ensures the protection of state secrets in the conduct of all types of activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The service is staffed by highly qualified specialists and is equipped with the latest special equipment and information security tools.
The central body of the HRT Service is the Eighth Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
- In the light of the tasks set by the country's leadership for the development of information technologies in Russia, the development of the Eighth Directorate is surely going at an accelerated pace?
- Undoubtedly. Previously, the ZGT Service was mainly tasked with protecting state secrets in the Armed Forces, ensuring secrecy and providing commanders and chiefs with special communications.
At present, one of the main negative factors influencing the state of information security is the increase by a number of foreign countries of the possibilities of information and technical influence on the information infrastructure for military purposes.
In order to achieve the maximum level of security of the information and telecommunications infrastructure of the Armed Forces, taking into account new threats to information security, the ZGT Service is currently carrying out purposeful work to ensure the security of information in the automated systems of the Russian Ministry of Defense, to detect, prevent and eliminate the consequences of computer attacks on critically important objects of the Armed Forces. Forces, technical protection of information at facilities processing restricted access information, ensuring the integrity and authenticity of electronic documents, certification of information security tools according to information security requirements, carrying out control and technical measures to ensure information security, training information security specialists.
Thus, as you can see, at present, the formation of new threats in the field of information security has led to an expansion of the tasks solved by the HRT Service. But thanks to this, the Eighth Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has created and is dynamically developing an integrated information security system.
Alma mater of specialists of the State Secrets Protection Service. - Probably, in the old days it was difficult even to imagine such an impressive list of such high-tech tasks that your service is now solving. By the way, when did its history begin in Russia?
- The first official references to the need to fulfill the tasks of protecting state secrets are found in archival documents from the reign of Peter I. However, until the beginning of the 20th century, the development of a system for protecting state secrets did not continue in the form of the creation of structural divisions of the military ministry. The offices and committees of the General Staff of the War Ministry were engaged in special work in their areas of activity independently; there was no central governing body.
After the October Revolution of 1917 and the outbreak of the Civil War, the issue of protecting state secrets became acute. Old methods did not provide the proper level of information protection. Correspondence between the headquarters and divisions of the Red Army was opened by the enemy within an hour from the moment the ciphers were intercepted. The solution to the problem was found in the creation of a special unit whose main task was to protect state secrets.
On November 13, 1918, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic No. 217/33, such a unit was created - the General and Special Branch of the Reporting and Organizational Department of the Organizational Directorate of the All-Russian General Staff. In parallel, subordinate special departments began to be created in military units.
Subsequently, the department was transformed into the Eighth Directorate of the General Staff of the Red Army, which still exists today - the Eighth Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
On November 13, 1918, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic No. 217/33, the General and Special Branch of the Reporting and Organizational Department of the Organizational Directorate of the All-Russian General Staff was created
The personnel of the Krasnodar Higher Military School named after Army General S.M. Shtemenko passes solemn march.
- Not so long ago, the archives of the Russian Ministry of Defense about the Great Patriotic War were declassified, but they practically do not reflect the activities of special organs...
- At that time, it was not customary not only to write about the activities of special agencies, but also to speak, since the main task of special agencies during the war years was to provide command at all levels with especially important information about the planning of operations and the conduct of hostilities. The personnel of the special forces showed exceptional courage and high skill, working in incredibly difficult conditions under bombing and artillery and mortar fire, in dugouts and dugouts.
Almost every sixth cipher worker in the active army died during the war. Here, so to speak, is an indicator of "calm" staff work.
The high quality of the work of special agencies during the Great Patriotic War was repeatedly noted by our prominent commanders and military leaders.
As part of the combined regiment of the People's Commissariat of Defense on June 24, 1945, cipher officers of the General Staff also passed in the parade. The encryption service of the Red Army won its war.
- Have the weapons and special equipment of the State Secret Protection Service received their development?
- Given the specifics and importance of the tasks being performed, the Eighth Directorate is carrying out planned work to re-equip the troops (forces) with modern weapons and military equipment of the fixed nomenclature. During participation in strategic exercises, for example, in the recent Vostok-2018 maneuvers, the effectiveness of the weapons and military equipment used was tested and confirmed.
The technical basis of the information security system is being improved every year, which allows building a modern vertically integrated structure for monitoring and managing information security in automated and information systems of the Armed Forces.
- How are the prospects and directions for further development determined in the HRT Service, taking into account scientific and technological progress in general and in the field of information technology in particular?
- In recent years, a military-scientific complex has been created in the HRT Service to address these issues.
As part of the formation of the military-scientific complex, the Scientific and Technical Committee (Services for the Protection of State Secrets of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation) was formed, which is the body for managing the scientific activities of the ZGT Service. It is intended to provide organizational and methodological guidance for the scientific work of the HRT Service, coordinate activities and monitor the implementation of the results of scientific work, justify scientific research in order to solve the problems of HRT, the development and use of weapons, military and special equipment of the Eighth Directorate nomenclature, its military scientific support at all stages of the life cycle, participation in the formation and implementation of a unified military-technical policy in the interests of the Russian Armed Forces.
A major step in the development of the military-scientific complex of the service was the creation of the Research Center at the Krasnodar Higher Military School named after General of the Army S.M. Shtemenko, which is designed to carry out scientific activities aimed at developing and improving the HRT system in the Armed Forces of Russia, performing the task of research activities in the interests of the HRT Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
In order to implement a set of scientific and applied tasks for the protection of information in the Armed Forces, a scientific company of the Eighth Directorate of the General Staff was formed on the basis of the KVVU.
The construction of the military innovative technopolis "Era" is underway, in which the work of laboratories in the direction of "Information Security" will be organized.
The main goals of the innovative cluster being created are to promote the scientific and technical creativity of young researchers, to accelerate the development and implementation of breakthrough developments and technologies.
- Yuri Vasilyevich, you mentioned the Krasnodar Higher Military School named after General of the Army S.M. Shtemenko. Now it is no secret to anyone that for many years it has been training specialists of the HRT Service. Is the Krasnodar School still the leading military educational institution for training your specialists?
- Graduates of various engineering and technical universities of Russia serve in the subdivisions of the ZGT, but the specialized military educational organization of higher education of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, of course, is KVVU. At the same time, the Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great (Balashikha) and the Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky (St. Petersburg).
KVVU is one of the oldest universities, the only higher educational institution of the Ministry of Defense of Russia in terms of training, and dates back to 1929, that is, next year it will celebrate its 90th anniversary. At present, a multi-level system of training from a soldier (specialist) to an officer is functioning in the KVVU, in which the scientific cluster, which I have already mentioned, is combined and functions in an integrated manner, the educational cluster, which includes training in programs of higher education, secondary vocational education and additional professional education, as well as a training cluster for conscripts and contract servicemen.
A modern educational and material base has been created at KVVU, high-tech promising systems and information security complexes are being equipped to train specialists at all levels of the HRT Service, and an electronic educational environment is being widely developed. I would like to emphasize that KVVU is a platform for state testing of promising models of special communications equipment.
In addition, in order to implement an integrated approach to the training of information security specialists, the Minister of Defense of Russia approved the KVVU Development Program, in accordance with which, since 2014, the construction of new KVVU facilities in the city of Krasnodar has been carried out on a new territory with the most modern infrastructure. The construction work is currently nearing completion. In the near future, we plan to put into operation and solemnly open training in the new territory.
Thus, upon completion of the construction, the KVVU will reach a new level of development and high-quality training of highly qualified specialists of the HRT Service.
- Yuri Vasilievich, in view of the certain closeness of KVVU, there is an opinion that it is difficult to enter it. If it's not a secret, tell me how to become a cadet of KVVU.
- Yes, indeed, sometimes you can hear an opinion about the difficulty of entering CVVU, but I think this applies only to school graduates with an average score below four, respectively, low scores in the subjects of the unified state exam (USE) and low physical fitness. Such candidates have no chance to pass through the competition, which this year amounted to three people per seat.
If a young man really set himself the goal of becoming an officer, and even more so of the HRT Service, then he must understand the importance and responsibility of such a choice. Therefore, three students may not hope to pass the competition, much less to master an intensive training program in the future.
Moreover, the Eighth Directorate pays special attention to the training of cadets. At the end of the KVVU, each cadet who graduates with an average score above 4.5 and at the same time proves himself in scientific activity, in further service activities is taken under separate control for admission to the postgraduate course of KVVU. Because the training of scientific personnel for the Armed Forces is an important task that ensures their long-term and advanced development.
For those who have set themselves the goal of becoming an officer of the HRT Service, it is necessary to use only reliable information about admission to the KVVU. Unfortunately, sometimes they refer to the admission rules published on various sites and in unreliable sources. By the way, this is one of the problems of modern informatization of society.
Therefore, it is necessary to use only official sources - the official website of the Russian Ministry of Defense (on the kvvu.mil.ru page) or the materials that the KVVU sends to the military commissariats.
I will briefly tell you about the procedure for entering CVVU, so as not to give the impression of its excessive complexity.
So, the first thing to do is to contact the military commissariat to which the young man is assigned, and clarify the procedure for receipt and formation of documents for this.
Until February 1, submit an application for passing the exam in the following subjects: Russian language, physics, computer science and mathematics (profile). I draw your attention to the fact that the presence of the exam in all four subjects is mandatory.
On time, the candidate passes the exam, while the minimum score for the subjects should be: Russian language - 46, physics - 41, computer science - 40, mathematics - 32. With a score below the candidate will be denied entrance examinations.
Before April 1, it is necessary to submit an application to the military commissariat about the desire to enter the CVVU, collect the necessary set of documents, then go through a medical commission - and before May 1, the military commissariat must issue a candidate's admission to information constituting a state secret, according to the first form. This is due to the specifics of the work of future officers of the HRT Service. Admission is not possible without permission. Until May 20, the military commissariat must submit the personal file of the candidate to the CVVU, where the selection committee considers it and decides on calling the candidate to pass the entrance examinations.
- Indeed, the procedure is quite standard for military universities. But for sure, such a closed organization will not be limited only to USE scores. What tests will you subject the applicant to the entrance examinations at the school?
- You are right, the successful passing of the exam is not yet an absolute guarantee of admission. Upon arrival at CVVU, the applicant will have to go through three types of professional selection.
First, the definition of fitness for health reasons. Secondly, the definition of the category of professional suitability based on psychodiagnostic methods and tests, taking into account the requirements for a military HRT specialist (tests are processed automatically).
And, finally, entrance tests to assess the level of physical fitness (pulling up on the crossbar, running 100 m and 3 km).
I draw your attention to the fact that the determination of the category of professional suitability and the assessment of the level of physical fitness are carried out with video recording of all procedures. As you can see, despite its closeness, the admission of cadets to the CVU is open and public.
Candidates who have successfully passed the professional selection are entered into the competitive list, with the first being candidates enrolled out of the competition (this category of citizens is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation). The rest of the candidates are ranked depending on the sum of the USE scores and the level of physical fitness. The established number of candidates is enrolled from the competitive list.
In early September, all freshmen take the military oath. According to the established tradition, on this festive day, the school opens its doors to everyone who wants to become witnesses of such a military ritual.
I am sure that the demand for our specialists will only grow every year. Special attention has always been paid to the training of specialists in the protection of state secrets, and at present it is developing very dynamically in order to respond in a timely manner to new threats in the field of information security.
- And in conclusion, the already traditional question about the prospects. Yuriy Vasilyevich, what do you think the HRT Service will look like, for example, in 5 years?
- The question is very interesting.
By the way, five years ago, of course, we perfectly understood what we should strive for and in what direction we should move in order for the HRT Service to keep up with scientific and technological progress and be able to effectively solve the tasks set. But during this time, we constantly adjusted our course, adjusting to the rapidly changing reality.
Judge for yourself: quite recently, technologies, for example, the construction of quantum computing systems, were only a theory, supported by several primitive samples. And no one then could have imagined that quantum processors would appear today, capable of solving real practical problems that are inaccessible to classical computing systems.
Now artificial intelligence, machine learning and others are in the same state of inception, and the potential for the development of technologies already in use, for example, neural networks, blockchain, the Internet of things and the creation of automatic robotic complexes is almost limitless. Their widespread implementation opens up new, not yet fully explored threats to information security.
Given the current pace of development of innovative technologies, their rapid implementation in many areas of society and the state, as well as the rapid growth in the volume of stored and processed information, the practical implementation of these technologies, including in the field of national defense, is just a matter of the next few years.
And here our main task is not just “not to miss the wave” of scientific and technological progress, we need to always be one step ahead, so that by the time of the practical implementation of this or that innovative technology, we already have proven methods and means of countering new threats to information security in our arsenal.
That is why we are primarily focusing our efforts on scientific research in the field of promising developments, finding ways to solve problems in the field of information protection in priority areas of the Armed Forces and training young highly qualified specialists who are able to successfully solve these problems.
This is how I see the immediate prospects for the development of the HRT Service.
In conclusion, I wholeheartedly congratulate the servicemen, civilian personnel and veterans of the Service for the Protection of State Secrets of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the 100th anniversary!
I would like to assure everyone on behalf of the staff of the Service for the Protection of State Secrets of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation that all the tasks assigned to us will be fulfilled with dignity and honor.
I am grateful to the entire team of the service for their high professionalism, reasonable initiative and readiness to serve and work for the sake of Russia.
I express special words of gratitude to our veterans who created the history of service and strengthen its best traditions. With all my heart I wish you all good health, success in service and work for the good of our Motherland!
State secrets are information, the leakage of which to third parties, as well as the use without proper procedure and for non-official purposes, can cause damage to the state.
The direct protection of state secrets (abbreviated as ZGT) is a set of measures aimed at clearly defining secret information and preventing their disclosure and distribution. Military personnel, due to the special specificity of their professional activities, are those persons who, in order to protect the security of the country and the integrity of its territory, are entrusted with the implementation of many HRT activities. The procedure for access to secret information established for the army is strictly observed, as well as covert checks of the safety of information, a record of the awareness of persons is kept and the protection of classified information is regulated after the serviceman has been terminated access to state secrets.
The history of HRT in the army: the first innovations in tsarist Russia
In fact, the protection of state secrets, especially those related to the conduct of military service, available funds, reserves, training strategies and the characteristics of the actions of employees, have been given increased attention since the days of the Russian Empire. This is not an innovation caused by some political and military instabilities in the world, but a necessary important security measure for the army.
History of legislative regulation HRT in the army and in Russia it has been officially counting back since 1724, it was in that year that Peter the Great signed a decree “On matters of secrecy subject.” On the basis of this royal decree, even the unintentional disclosure of secret information was classified as a state crime and was subject to serious punishment.
It is interesting that in the Russian Empire, although they introduced a state secret with the legal protection of such information, they did not develop a centralized data protection system. There were also problems with the clarity of understanding the secrecy of data. HRT was dealt with by several departments separately (Police Department, War Department, and Foreign Affairs), each within its scope provided and controlled protection.
A general, special list of information and images relating to the external security of Russia was first published and approved in 1914. According to him, the disclosure of secret data and information was subject to criminal punishment.
With the advent of Soviet power, measures for HRT became more ambitious, tougher. In October 1921, the Council of People's Commissars compiled its own list of data, which from now on were secret and were subject to the strictest preservation. This list included information relating to the country's economy and military nature. Five years later, the list was expanded with the section "Information of a different kind". In particular, the following information was classified as state secret of a military nature:
- on the deployment of troops;
- about the supply of the army;
- on the provision of military units;
- about plans for mobilization;
- on the state of the military industry;
- about any inventions for military defense;
- about new equipment for the army;
- on the results of agreements with foreign states regarding the development and supply of the army, exercises, etc.;
- about ways to combat counter-revolution and flourishing espionage.
This edition of the list of secret information became the most accurate and objectively suited for the next few decades, not needing even the slightest change.
Interesting! Many points have been preserved to this day, i.e. a century later, part of the list remains relevant.
During the Soviet era, the following changes were made after the war in 1947. But in terms of the army, nothing has changed, only a fourth section has been added, regarding export / import, mining of precious metals, geo-reserves. A significant change could also be called the addition of a clause giving the government the authority to recognize certain information as secret by its separate decisions.
How HRT is currently regulated
The concept of state secrets exists in modern Russia, its protection is regulated by the Constitution of the country (Article 29) and two Federal Laws (on state secrets and on security).
It should be noted right away that HRT does not contradict the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms, and every citizen really has the right to receive and disseminate information without restrictions and obstacles from the authorities and regardless of the borders of the state. But in paragraph 4 of Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation it is noted that information classified by federal law as “secret” is not subject to dissemination. At the moment, this law contains only 26 positions in the list of secret information subject to legal protection. Separately, the criteria for the degree of secrecy are described, thus the data is allocated under the headings:
- "secret";
- "top secret";
- "of special importance".
The types of information that are not state secrets are also separated, in particular, they relate to the facts of human rights violations, emergency situations, and health status.
Features of the HRT procedure for persons in military service
Access to information recognized as a state secret is not automatically opened for a particular position, everything is done exclusively voluntarily, because. Ownership of data leads to a number of limitations. Previously, the person to whom access is supposed to be opened is subjected to verification by the competent authorities, these are the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Health. Checked:
- data specified by the candidate when filling out the relevant questionnaire;
- information about relatives;
- having a criminal record;
- facts of residence abroad;
- mental condition.
In order to avoid problems during the verification activities, the person filling out the questionnaire is obliged to provide only truthful answers. The result of the check can be either permission to open a permit for a serviceman or a refusal, and the refused structure is not obliged to give an account to the candidate about the reasons for the negative decision.
Reasons for rejection are usually:
- presence in the biography of a criminal record;
- diagnosed cases of nervous disorders;
- detection of compromising information about close relatives;
- long-term residence abroad, incl. members of the candidate's family permanently residing outside the Russian Federation;
- problems with HRT before.
Servicemen who have gained access to the GT are obligated to strictly comply with the instructions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and certain requirements for handling documents, things and information carriers established for employees of secure facilities.
During the service of a person, periodic checks are carried out to guarantee HRT. At the end of the validity period, the permit may be extended. If a decision is made to close a person's access to classified information, this does not mean that the contract with the serviceman is automatically terminated. Transfer to another job (for example, to another military unit) cannot be considered a basis for terminating a previously issued permit if, in fact, a person continues the same activities as before, however, documentary familiarization with the content of the GT and the obligation to maintain it at a new duty station are mandatory.
Tasks and functions
department of protection of state secrets and mobilization training
Tasks of the department for the protection of state secrets and mobilization training:
1. Ensuring the secrecy regime established in the Office and conducting secret office work in accordance with the Instruction on Ensuring the Secrecy Regime in the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 3-1 dated 01.01.2001 (hereinafter - Instruction No. 3-1).
2. Organization of activities for mobilization preparation and mobilization and control over their implementation in the structural divisions of the Office.
3. Organization of measures for civil defense, protection of state civil servants and personnel for the protection and maintenance of buildings of the Office (hereinafter referred to as employees) from natural and man-made emergencies in the Office and structural divisions of the Office.
4. Fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the Department in the field of mobilization training and mobilization, civil defense and protection of employees from natural and man-made emergencies. Organization of secret mobilization and non-secret office work.
Functions of the department for the protection of state secrets and mobilization training:
1. Planning, development and implementation of measures to ensure the regime of secrecy in the Office during the conduct of secret work in accordance with Instruction No. 3-1;
2. Taking measures to identify and close possible channels for the leakage of information constituting a state secret, and to prevent the disclosure of this information in the course of all types of secret work;
3. Organization and maintenance of secret records management in the Office, control over compliance with the established procedure for working with classified documents.
4. Coordination of the activities of structural subdivisions of the Office for the Protection of State Secrets and control over the implementation of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of protection of state secrets;
5. Keeping records of violations of the secrecy regime in the office of the Office and structural subdivisions of the Office;
6. Participation in carrying out internal checks in case of loss or theft of carriers of information constituting a state secret, other violations of the secrecy regime, as well as in cases of disclosure of information constituting a state secret;
7. Registration of admissions to state secrets for employees of the Department, heads of structural divisions, heads of self-regulatory organizations of arbitration managers, control of the validity of admissions;
8. Keeping records of the awareness of the employees of the Department of information constituting a state secret, instructing employees who are aware of the information constituting a state secret when they are sent abroad;
9. Instructing employees of the Department admitted to state secrets, monitoring their knowledge of the requirements of regulatory documents on the regime of secrecy;
27. Formation of established reporting on the subject of the department's activities.
28. Coordination and control over the activities of the territorial departments of the Department on the activities of the Department.
29. Participation in inspections of structural divisions of the Department and subordinate institutions.
